O past participle faz parte de alguns tempos verbais como opresent perfect e o past perfect.
Exemplos com o present perfect:
1) I have been too busy lately. (Tenho andado muito ocupada ultimamente.)
2) He has made excellent progress at this job. (Ele progrediu bastante no trabalho.)/(Ele tem progredido...)
3) She has understood all the details about the plan. (Ela entendeu todos os detalhes do plano.)
Como deu para notar, às vezes traduzimos o present perfect como um passado simples (exemplos 2 e 3). O importante é lembrar que nãoespecificamos o tempo exato em que a ação aconteceu, por isto usamos opresent perfect. Para ações com tempo específico, usamos o simple past.
Exemplos:
1) I was too busy yesterday. (Eu estava muito ocupada ontem.)
2) He made excellent progress in his first week at his job. (Ele progrediu bastante na sua primeira semana no emprego.)
3) She understood all the details when I explained them to her. (Ela entendeu todos os detalhes quando eu os expliquei a ela.)
Exemplos com o past perfect:
1) He had already bought his apartment when he got married. (Ele já havia comprado o apartamento quando se casou.)
2) The plane had already left when I arrived at the airport. (O avião jáhavia partido quando cheguei ao aeroporto.)
Nestes exemplos, fica clara a equivalência entre os particípios em português e inglês (havia comprado/havia partido).
Resumindo, é isto. O particípio nada mais é do que uma forma verbal.
O problema está em memorizar os particípios dos verbos irregulares, né?
Mas, isto se dá aos poucos, à medida em que vamos estudando.
Começamos memorizando os verbos que usamos mais e assim por diante.
http://ajudaingles.blogspot.com.br/2012/08/past-participle-bem-resumidinho.html
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List of English Irregular Verbs
UsingEnglish.com's Irregular Verbs List is one of the most comprehensive lists available. Below is our common English irregular verbs list which includes verbs and shows the infinitive, the past simple and the past participle forms.
NOTES:
- Alternate forms are separated by a / character.
- Click on a verb to view the definition and extended information about it including the 3rd person singular and the present participle / gerund forms.
https://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/
| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
A | ||
| Abide | Abode/Abided | Abode/Abided/Abidden |
| Alight | Alit/Alighted | Alit/Alighted |
| Arise | Arose | Arisen |
| Awake | Awoke | Awoken |
B | ||
| Be | Was/Were | Been |
| Bear | Bore | Born/Borne |
| Beat | Beat | Beaten |
| Become | Became | Become |
| Begin | Began | Begun |
| Behold | Beheld | Beheld |
| Bend | Bent | Bent |
| Bet | Bet | Bet |
| Bid | Bade | Bidden |
| Bid | Bid | Bid |
| Bind | Bound | Bound |
| Bite | Bit | Bitten |
| Bleed | Bled | Bled |
| Blow | Blew | Blown |
| Break | Broke | Broken |
| Breed | Bred | Bred |
| Bring | Brought | Brought |
| Broadcast | Broadcast/Broadcasted | Broadcast/Broadcasted |
| Build | Built | Built |
| Burn | Burnt/Burned | Burnt/Burned |
| Burst | Burst | Burst |
| Bust | Bust | Bust |
| Buy | Bought | Bought |
C | ||
| Cast | Cast | Cast |
| Catch | Caught | Caught |
| Choose | Chose | Chosen |
| Clap | Clapped/Clapt | Clapped/Clapt |
| Cling | Clung | Clung |
| Clothe | Clad/Clothed | Clad/Clothed |
| Come | Came | Come |
| Cost | Cost | Cost |
| Creep | Crept | Crept |
| Cut | Cut | Cut |
D | ||
| Dare | Dared/Durst | Dared |
| Deal | Dealt | Dealt |
| Dig | Dug | Dug |
| Dive | Dived/Dove | Dived |
| Do | Did | Done |
| Draw | Drew | Drawn |
| Dream | Dreamt/Dreamed | Dreamt/Dreamed |
| Drink | Drank | Drunk |
| Drive | Drove | Driven |
| Dwell | Dwelt | Dwelt |
E | ||
| Eat | Ate | Eaten |
F | ||
| Fall | Fell | Fallen |
| Feed | Fed | Fed |
| Feel | Felt | Felt |
| Fight | Fought | Fought |
| Find | Found | Found |
| Fit | Fit/Fitted | Fit/Fitted |
| Flee | Fled | Fled |
| Fling | Flung | Flung |
| Fly | Flew | Flown |
| Forbid | Forbade/Forbad | Forbidden |
| Forecast | Forecast/Forecasted | Forecast/Forecasted |
| Foresee | Foresaw | Foreseen |
| Foretell | Foretold | Foretold |
| Forget | Forgot | Forgotten |
| Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven |
| Forsake | Forsook | Forsaken |
| Freeze | Froze | Frozen |
| Frostbite | Frostbit | Frostbitten |
G | ||
| Get | Got | Got/Gotten |
| Give | Gave | Given |
| Go | Went | Gone/Been |
| Grind | Ground | Ground |
| Grow | Grew | Grown |
H | ||
| Handwrite | Handwrote | Handwritten |
| Hang | Hung/Hanged | Hung/Hanged |
| Have | Had | Had |
| Hear | Heard | Heard |
| Hide | Hid | Hidden |
| Hit | Hit | Hit |
| Hold | Held | Held |
| Hurt | Hurt | Hurt |
I | ||
| Inlay | Inlaid | Inlaid |
| Input | Input/Inputted | Input/Inputted |
| Interlay | Interlaid | Interlaid |
K | ||
| Keep | Kept | Kept |
| Kneel | Knelt/Kneeled | Knelt/Kneeled |
| Knit | Knit/Knitted | Knit/Knitted |
| Know | Knew | Known |
L | ||
| Lay | Laid | Laid |
| Lead | Led | Led |
| Lean | Leant/Leaned | Leant/Leaned |
| Leap | Leapt/Leaped | Leapt/Leaped |
| Learn | Learnt/Learned | Learnt/Learned |
| Leave | Left | Left |
| Lend | Lent | Lent |
| Let | Let | Let |
| Lie | Lay | Lain |
| Light | Lit | Lit |
| Lose | Lost | Lost |
M | ||
| Make | Made | Made |
| Mean | Meant | Meant |
| Meet | Met | Met |
| Melt | Melted | Molten/Melted |
| Mislead | Misled | Misled |
| Mistake | Mistook | Mistaken |
| Misunderstand | Misunderstood | Misunderstood |
| Miswed | Miswed/Miswedded | Miswed/Miswedded |
| Mow | Mowed | Mown |
O | ||
| Overdraw | Overdrew | Overdrawn |
| Overhear | Overheard | Overheard |
| Overtake | Overtook | Overtaken |
P | ||
| Pay | Paid | Paid |
| Preset | Preset | Preset |
| Prove | Proved | Proven/Proved |
| Put | Put | Put |
Q | ||
| Quit | Quit | Quit |
R | ||
| Re-prove | Re-proved | Re-proven/Re-proved |
| Read | Read | Read |
| Rid | Rid/Ridded | Rid/Ridded |
| Ride | Rode | Ridden |
| Ring | Rang | Rung |
| Rise | Rose | Risen |
| Rive | Rived | Riven/Rived |
| Run | Ran | Run |
S | ||
| Saw | Sawed | Sawn/Sawed |
| Say | Said | Said |
| See | Saw | Seen |
| Seek | Sought | Sought |
| Sell | Sold | Sold |
| Send | Sent | Sent |
| Set | Set | Set |
| Sew | Sewed | Sewn/Sewed |
| Shake | Shook | Shaken |
| Shave | Shaved | Shaven/Shaved |
| Shear | Shore/Sheared | Shorn/Sheared |
| Shed | Shed | Shed |
| Shine | Shone | Shone |
| Shoe | Shod | Shod |
| Shoot | Shot | Shot |
| Show | Showed | Shown |
| Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk |
| Shut | Shut | Shut |
| Sing | Sang | Sung |
| Sink | Sank | Sunk |
| Sit | Sat | Sat |
| Slay | Slew | Slain |
| Sleep | Slept | Slept |
| Slide | Slid | Slid/Slidden |
| Sling | Slung | Slung |
| Slink | Slunk | Slunk |
| Slit | Slit | Slit |
| Smell | Smelt/Smelled | Smelt/Smelled |
| Sneak | Sneaked/Snuck | Sneaked/Snuck |
| Soothsay | Soothsaid | Soothsaid |
| Sow | Sowed | Sown |
| Speak | Spoke | Spoken |
| Speed | Sped/Speeded | Sped/Speeded |
| Spell | Spelt/Spelled | Spelt/Spelled |
| Spend | Spent | Spent |
| Spill | Spilt/Spilled | Spilt/Spilled |
| Spin | Span/Spun | Spun |
| Spit | Spat/Spit | Spat/Spit |
| Split | Split | Split |
| Spoil | Spoilt/Spoiled | Spoilt/Spoiled |
| Spread | Spread | Spread |
| Spring | Sprang | Sprung |
| Stand | Stood | Stood |
| Steal | Stole | Stolen |
| Stick | Stuck | Stuck |
| Sting | Stung | Stung |
| Stink | Stank | Stunk |
| Stride | Strode/Strided | Stridden |
| Strike | Struck | Struck/Stricken |
| String | Strung | Strung |
| Strip | Stript/Stripped | Stript/Stripped |
| Strive | Strove | Striven |
| Sublet | Sublet | Sublet |
| Sunburn | Sunburned/Sunburnt | Sunburned/Sunburnt |
| Swear | Swore | Sworn |
| Sweat | Sweat/Sweated | Sweat/Sweated |
| Sweep | Swept/Sweeped | Swept/Sweeped |
| Swell | Swelled | Swollen |
| Swim | Swam | Swum |
| Swing | Swung | Swung |
T | ||
| Take | Took | Taken |
| Teach | Taught | Taught |
| Tear | Tore | Torn |
| Tell | Told | Told |
| Think | Thought | Thought |
| Thrive | Throve/Thrived | Thriven/Thrived |
| Throw | Threw | Thrown |
| Thrust | Thrust | Thrust |
| Tread | Trod | Trodden |
U | ||
| Undergo | Underwent | Undergone |
| Understand | Understood | Understood |
| Undertake | Undertook | Undertaken |
| Upsell | Upsold | Upsold |
| Upset | Upset | Upset |
V | ||
| Vex | Vext/Vexed | Vext/Vexed |
W | ||
| Wake | Woke | Woken |
| Wear | Wore | Worn |
| Weave | Wove | Woven |
| Wed | Wed/Wedded | Wed/Wedded |
| Weep | Wept | Wept |
| Wend | Wended/Went | Wended/Went |
| Wet | Wet/Wetted | Wet/Wetted |
| Win | Won | Won |
| Wind | Wound | Wound |
| Withdraw | Withdrew | Withdrawn |
| Withhold | Withheld | Withheld |
| Withstand | Withstood | Withstood |
| Wring | Wrung | Wrung |
| Write | Wrote | Written |
Z | ||
| Zinc | Zinced/Zincked | Zinced/Zincked |